Reproductive biology of two sympatric species of tooth-carps: Aphanius hormuzensis and Aphanius furcatus, from south of Iran (Teleostei: Aphaniidae)

Some aspects of the reproductive biology of two endemic tooth-carps, Aphanius hormuzensis and A. furcatus, from southern Iran, were studied by regular monthly collections throughout one year. Significant differences were observed between the total number of females and males, females being more abundant. Based on the pattern of reproductive indices including the gonado-somatic index and Dobriyal Index, it was concluded that these fishes spawn in April and May. The estimated absolute fecundity of A. hormuzensis ranged from 78 (TL = 32.2 mm) to 730 (TL = 51.1 mm), with a mean value of 219.78±66.50 oocytes per fish based on 15 females. The relative fecundity ranged from 68.45 to 518.54 oocytes/g body mass (Mean±S.D: 237.67±96.87 oocytes/g). For A. furcatus, the estimated absolute fecundity ranged from 53 (TL = 26.9 mm) to 102 (TL = 32.04 mm), with a mean value of 93.73±45.37 oocytes per fish based on 15 females. The relative fecundity ranged from 22.41 to 123.65 oocytes/g body mass (Mean±S.D: 64.98±23.37 oocytes/g). Due to overlapping of spawning season in these two sympatric species, it seems that other pre- and post-zygotic factors are responsible for absence of natural hybrids in the studies tooth-carps in the Mehran River

Evaluation of the Relationship between Assertiveness, Decision Making Styles and Organizational Learning of Health Managers in Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2018

Abstract: (95 Views) Background & Aim: Managers are always learning to make critical decisions, and learning organizations emphasize continuous learning to survive in the current competitive environment. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between assertiveness and decision making styles and organizational learning of health managers of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This descriptive, analytical, and correlational study was performed on 200 health managers of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences selected by census sampling. Data were collected using three standard questionnaires of Scott and Bruce decision making style (1995), Gambler and Richie's standard assertiveness questionnaire (1957), and Niefe's standard learning questionnaire (2001). Data analysis was performed on SPSS version 16 using descriptive statistics, the Pearson’s correlation coefficient, independent t-test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way ANOVA and regression analysis. Results: The mean score of assertiveness (88.24±14.5), decision making style (45.70±9.6), and learning (43.51±7.53) were at an average level. There was a relationship between the mean score of assertiveness with decision making styles and organizational learning (P<0.05). Morevoer, there is an association between the mean score of decision-making styles and organizational decision making, and decision-making styles could predict organizational learning (P<0.05). Furthremore, a relationship was observed between the mean score of assertiveness and organizational learning, and assertiveness could predict organizational learning (P<0.05). Finally, the results were indicative of a relationship between the mean score of assertiveness, decision making styles and organizational learning with some demographic variables (age, gender, type of contract, level of education, and occupational status) (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the level of organizational learning of health managers at Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences was related to their assertiveness. Therefore, effective steps could be taken toward the improvement of organizational decisios by familiarizing managers with different decision making styles Keywords: Assertiveness, Decision Making Styles, Organizational Learning, Manager

The effect of automated telephone system on the satisfaction of client in the Imam Ali polyclinic

زمینه و هدف: رضایت بیمار شاخصی برای ارزیابی خدمات است و سنجش کارآیی و کیفیت خدمات ارائه&zwnj;شده به مردم در بخش بهداشت و درمان از اولویت&zwnj;های مهم وزارت بهداشت است. به همین منظور این مطالعه، باهدف بررسی تأثیر استقرار سامانه نوبت&zwnj;دهی تلفنی بر رضایت مراجعین پلی کلینیک فوق تخصصی امام علی (ع) شهرکرد انجام شد. روش بررسی: این مطالعه تحلیلی- مقطعی در پلی کلینیک تخصصی و فوق تخصصی امام علی(ع) شهرکرد در سال1392 انجام شد. پرسشنامه رضایت سنجی استاندارد با بررسی700 نفر از مراجعین این مرکز قبل و بعد از استقرار سامانه نوبت&zwnj;دهی تکمیل گردید. اطلاعات توسط شاخص&zwnj;های آماری توصیفی و استنباطی با نرم&zwnj;افزار SPSS نسخه 16 مورد تجزیه &zwnj;و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته&zwnj;ها: میانگین امتیاز رضایت مراجعه&zwnj;کنندگان در سال 1391، معادل 7/5&plusmn;5/22 و در سال 1392 ،3/6&plusmn;7/23 بود که تفاوت 2 سال ازنظر آماری نشانگر ارتباط معنی دار پس از استقرار سیستم مکانیزه نوبت&zwnj;دهی بود (002/0=P). شاخص&zwnj;های سیستم نوبت&zwnj;دهی، نحوه دریافت نوبت، مکان انتظار، نظافت و تمیزی کلینیک، برخورد نگهبانی، برخورد نیروی پذیرش و منشی، برخورد پزشک، نحوه ویزیت پزشک، رعایت حریم شخصی و انتخاب کلینیک برای مراجعه بعدی در مجموع 78 رضایت&zwnj;مندی بیماران را تبیین می&zwnj;کردند. نتیجه&zwnj;گیری: اصلاح فرایندهایی مثل نوبت&zwnj;دهی باعث افزایش رضایتمندی بیماران می&zwnj;گردد، لذا بررسی منظم و دوره&zwnj;ای میزان رضایتمندی بیماران و ارائه برنامه&zwnj;های عملیاتی برای رفع نارضایتی آنان می&zwnj;تواند منجر به ارتقاء کیفیت خدمات بهداشتی درمانی گردد

Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Funding: F Carvalho and E Fernandes acknowledge support from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. (FCT), in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy i4HB; FCT/MCTES through the project UIDB/50006/2020. J Conde acknowledges the European Research Council Starting Grant (ERC-StG-2019-848325). V M Costa acknowledges the grant SFRH/BHD/110001/2015, received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006.proofepub_ahead_of_prin

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

Ground Truth

Ground Truth Provided in MAT format. Pulmonary Embolism regions are determined by the gray-level 1 as the foreground, in contrast to the background with the gray-level 0